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　　葡(pu)萄酒(jiu)(jiu)質量除香氣、口感等(deng)達到平衡外，還(huan)表現在葡(pu)萄酒(jiu)(jiu)的(de)穩定(ding)性(xing)上(shang)，裝瓶后不產生沉(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。葡(pu)萄酒(jiu)(jiu)沉(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主要分(fen)為(wei)兩大(da)類，即生物性(xing)沉(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)非生物性(xing)沉(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其中非生物性(xing)沉(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又分(fen)為(wei)單(dan)寧色素沉(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)酒(jiu)(jiu)石酸鹽沉(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。本文對酒(jiu)(jiu)石酸鹽沉(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進行了初淺的(de)剖析(xi)，并通(tong)過電滲析(xi)法來解決和(he)預(yu)防葡(pu)萄酒(jiu)(jiu)沉(chen)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，以保證葡(pu)萄酒(jiu)(jiu)質量的(de)穩定(ding)性(xing)。目前電滲析(xi)法在國內還(huan)沒有(you)推廣(guang)開來，可(ke)能是(shi)對電滲析(xi)法認識(shi)不夠(gou)造成的(de)，而(er)實質上(shang)該法用國產設(she)備即可(ke)，既經(jing)濟又實惠。

　　葡萄酒中酒石酸鹽

　　據分析，葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)皮中的(de)礦物質占5%～2%，葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)品種(zhong)不(bu)同(tong)其含量也不(bu)同(tong)。葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)酒中的(de)礦物質主要來(lai)源于葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)，這些礦質元(yuan)素在(zai)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)酒中通常(chang)以離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)形(xing)式存(cun)在(zai)。陽離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)有K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu等(deng)，陰(yin)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)有PO、SO、C1、HT(酒石(shi)酸根離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi))等(deng)，它(ta)們在(zai)酒中以離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)的(de)方(fang)式平衡存(cun)在(zai)，形(xing)成了酒石(shi)酸鹽及(ji)少量的(de)其它(ta)酸鹽(磷酸鹽，硫酸鹽)。

　　電滲析法去除葡萄酒中酒石酸鹽

　　電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)滲(shen)(shen)析(xi)法是(shi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)下(xia)(xia)，利用(yong)半(ban)透(tou)膜(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇透(tou)過性(xing)來提(ti)純和分離(li)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)溶質粒子(zi)(zi)(如(ru)離(li)子(zi)(zi))。這(zhe)是(shi)2O世紀5O年代發展(zhan)起(qi)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)新技(ji)術，最(zui)(zui)初用(yong)于海水的(de)(de)(de)(de)淡化(hua)，現在(zai)廣泛用(yong)于化(hua)工(gong)、輕工(gong)、冶金、造紙、醫藥工(gong)業。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)滲(shen)(shen)析(xi)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)除鹽(yan)(yan)技(ji)術，鹽(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)陰、陽(yang)(yang)離(li)子(zi)(zi)在(zai)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)下(xia)(xia)會分別向(xiang)相(xiang)反方向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)移(yi)(yi)動。如(ru)果(guo)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)滲(shen)(shen)析(xi)器中(zhong)(zhong)各插入一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)陰、陽(yang)(yang)離(li)子(zi)(zi)交換膜(mo)，由于這(zhe)些(xie)離(li)子(zi)(zi)交換膜(mo)具有(you)選擇透(tou)過性(xing)，這(zhe)樣在(zai)兩個(ge)(ge)膜(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)隔室(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)，鹽(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度就會因為(wei)離(li)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定向(xiang)遷(qian)移(yi)(yi)而降低，而靠近(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個(ge)(ge)隔室(shi)則分別為(wei)陰、陽(yang)(yang)離(li)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃縮室(shi)，最(zui)(zui)后在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)淡化(hua)室(shi)內達到脫鹽(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，所以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)滲(shen)(shen)析(xi)分離(li)效果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好壞(huai)是(shi)用(yong)除鹽(yan)(yan)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)高低來表(biao)示(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。葡萄酒溶液中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鹽(yan)(yan)類也是(shi)以陰、陽(yang)(yang)離(li)子(zi)(zi)形(xing)式存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，因此也可以利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)滲(shen)(shen)析(xi)法去(qu)除這(zhe)些(xie)鹽(yan)(yan)類物質，提(ti)高葡萄酒的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定性(xing)和產品質量(liang)。